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2203FERRORTier 2 — Caution✅ HIGH confidence

SQL/JSON scalar required

Category: Data ExceptionVersions: Postgres 14+

What this means

SQLSTATE 2203F is raised when a SQL/JSON context requires a scalar value (string, number, boolean, or null) but receives a JSON array or object.

Why it happens

  1. 1A SQL/JSON operation that requires a scalar receives a compound JSON value (array or object)

How to reproduce

SQL/JSON scalar context receiving an array.

trigger — this will ERROR
ERROR: SQL/JSON scalar required

Fix 1: Navigate to the scalar value within the JSON structure

When the path resolves to a container but a scalar is needed.

fix
-- Navigate deeper into the JSON to reach a scalar:
SELECT jsonb_path_query('{"x":{"y":42}}'::jsonb, '$.x.y');

Why this works

Adjust the path expression to select the specific scalar field rather than the containing object.

Version notes

Postgres 14+SQL/JSON scalar type checking added in Postgres 14.

Sources

📚 Official docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/errcodes-appendix.html

🔧 Source ref: Class 22 — Data Exception

Confidence assessment

✅ HIGH confidence

Standard SQLSTATE. Stable.

See also

📄 Reference pages

SQL/JSON Path Language
⚙️ This error reference was generated with AI assistance and reviewed for accuracy. Examples are provided to illustrate common scenarios and may not cover every case. Always test fixes in a development environment before applying to production. Spotted an error? Suggest a correction →